To Be Equipped To Face The Future Alone

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Способы выражения будущего времени в английском. Теория и упражнения

В английском языке существует несколько способов выражения будущего времени (ways of expressing future actions). Отработке данных способов посвящен данный урок Затонской А.С.

Автор материала: Затонская Анастасия Станиславовна, педагог дополнительного образования Дворца творчества детей и молодежи г. Ростова-на-Дону, кандидат филологических наук.

Способы выражения будущего времени в английском языке

Для выражения будущего времени в английском языке необходимо использовать один из следующих способов:

Использование одного из времен Future (will + нужная форма глагола)

Future Simple	Future Continuous	Future Perfect	Future Perfect Continuous
Will+V	Will be +Ving	Will have +V3	Will have been +Ving
a) предсказания по поводу будущего со словами think, believe, expect, etcb) решения, принятые в момент говоренияс) обещанияd) действия, которые точно произойдут в будущем	а) действия, которые будут длиться в момент будущего	а) действия, которые закончатся до момента в будущем	a) действия, которые будут длиться до момента в будущем
I think the weather will be rainy tomorrow.	Tomorrow at 5pm I will be flying to Riga.	I will have read this article by 5pm.	By 3pm tomorrow I will have been running for 50 minutes in our city marathon.

Использование the Present Simple Tense.

Present Simple используется для выражения будущего в следующих речевых ситуациях:

В разговорах о расписании (событий / транспорта),
В разговорах о графиках (мероприятий),
Относительно программ (мероприятий / передач на радио и тв)

Примеры:

The train leaves at 5pm in the evening.

The meeting begins at 8 sharp tomorrow.

Hockey is at 6pm.

Использование the Present Continuous Tense.

Present Continuous используется для выражения будущего времени в следующих речевых ситуациях:

для выражения запланированного на ближайшее будущее действия (особенно с глаголами движения),

Пример:

I'm flying to Kongo next Monday. — Я лечу в Конго в следующий понедельник.

Использование фраз to be going to, to be about to.

О данном способе выражения будущего времени подробно написано в статье Конструкция be going to.

Думаю, в рамках данной темы Вам полезно будет также обратить внимание на следующие статьи:

Ways of expressing the future action. Схемы и таблицы

Предлагаю несколько схем и таблиц, которые помогут Вам лучше разобраться в особенностях использования различных способов выражения будущего времени.

Таблица 1.

Таблица 2.

Способы выражения будущего времени в английском. Упражнения

Как и все упражнения из цикла уроков Затонской А.С., следующие упражнения основаны на определенной лексической теме. В данном случае, помимо отработки грамматики, мы отработаем еще и лексику по теме Travelling.

Grammar: the ways of expressing the future action (the Future Simple Tense, the Future Continuous Tense, the Present Simple Tense, the Present Continuous Tense, phrases: to be going to, to be about to).

Lexical topic: Traveling.

Exercise 1. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the proper Tense. Remember that you should use the Future Simple Tense if you speak about the action or succession of actions which will take place in future; if you speak about the action which will be in progress in some moment in future you should use the Future Continuous Tense. You can also use the Present Tenses.

… you (to go) to the booking office to buy the tickets? – No, I (to phone) them.
I am sure he (to be busy) when you (to come). – What makes you think so? – He (to pack) his luggage for the trip. – Really? … he (to go) anywhere?
I am going to visit you in July! I really want to see Jimmy – I haven’t seen him for ages! – Don’t even hope. When you come Jimmy (to travel) in a month-long cruise over Europe.

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences.

When he arrives at St. Petersburg …
He will buy the tickets for the express train when …
When his parents come at his place …
When you come at his place next Friday your visit will be quite place because he…
They will be going sightseeing when …
When he waits at the railway station tomorrow …
He will be hiking when …
When the summer comes …

Exercise 3. Translate into English.

Когда придет лето, он будет путешествовать на корабле по Средиземному морю.
Ты пойдешь меня провожать? – Конечно! С какого вокзала ты уезжаешь? – С главного. Поезд 12, вагон 7. Хорошо! Я не опоздаю!
Ты знаешь, что к тебе собирается Олег? – Да, это не слишком удачно: когда он придет, я как раз буду собирать чемоданы.
Куда ты поедешь на каникулы?

Exercise 4. Describe step by step how you hurriedly pack your things and something disturbs you from this. Don’t forget that you can use such phrases as “to be about to”, “to be going to” when you speak about the immediate future.

The pattern: “I am going to pack my things. I am just about to write a list if things when I realize I have no pen. … “

Exercise 5. You and your friends are going travelling at approximately the same time but to different places. Discuss what you are going to take with you, how you are going to spend the time there, give each other pieces of advice.

Exercise 6. Translate into English.

Ты уже знаешь, где ты проведешь лето? – Да, я поеду на море, как и в прошлом году. – Ты собираешься набрать столько же чемоданов? – Нет, в этот раз постараюсь быть осторожнее с багажом. А куда едешь ты? – Мой маршрут прост: сначала мы с друзьями пойдем в поход, а потом я поеду к родственникам в деревню – буду плавать в речке и загорать на солнышке в деревенской глуши.
Муж, жена и четверо их детей провели уикенд в деревне. Вечером, возвращаясь, они решили взять такси. «За сколько вы довезете нас до Ленокс-Стрит?» – спросил муж. «Вас и жену за два доллара; детей возьму бесплатно» – ответил водитель. «Отлично, ребята» — сказал отец, — «Вы поезжайте домой, а мы с мамой поедем на метро».
Пассажир самолета спрашивает стюардессу: «А вы будете раздавать нам парашюты?» – «Конечно, нет» — «Но ведь на кораблях дают спасательные круги!» – «Но ведь мы же не в море!» — «Да, но количество лиц, умеющих плавать, гораздо больше, чем количество лиц, умеющих летать!»

Exercise 7. Describe your plans for the summer.

Exercise 8. What will travelling be in future, from your point of view? Describe it according to the following plan:

reasons for travelling;
season and longevity of travelling;
means of transport;
places to stay in;
sightseeing; entertainment.

Надеюсь, Вам понравился этот урок и вы разобрались в способах выражения будущего времени в английском языке.

Сохраните на будущее и поделитесь с друзьями!

Источник: //grammar-tei.com/sposoby-vyrazheniya-budushhego-vremeni-v-anglijskom-teoriya-i-uprazhneniya/

What jobs will still be around in 20 years? Read this to prepare your future

To Be Equipped To Face The Future Alone

The robots are coming, the robots are coming!

Regular reports warn us that an automation apocalypse is nigh. In January, a McKinsey & Company study found that about 30% of tasks in 60% of occupations could be computerized and last year, the Bank of England’s chief economist said that 80m US and 15m UK jobs might be taken over by robots.

Of course, not all jobs are created equally. In 2013, a highly cited study by Oxford University academics called The Future of Employment examined 702 common occupations andfound that some jobs – telemarketers, tax preparers and sports referees – are at more risk than others including recreational psychologists, dentists and physicians.

In the past, reports of the death of human jobs have often been greatly exaggerated, and technology has created a lot more jobs than it has wiped out.

It’s called the “Luddite Fallacy”, in reference to the 19th century group of textile workers who smashed the new weaving machinery that made their skills redundant.

Further, in the last 60 years automation has only eliminated one occupation: elevator operators.

The least safe jobs in the future.

While there have been optimistic predictions that new technology would increase prosperity and lower drudgery, very few of us are working the 15-hour work week that, in 1930, the economist John Maynard Keynes predicted would be the norm for his grandkids. If anything, we’re working 15-hour days.

Today’s technological revolution is an entirely different beast from the industrial revolution. The pace of change is exponentially faster and far wider in scope.

As Stanford University academic Jerry Kaplan writes in Humans Need Not Apply: today, automation is “blind to the color of your collar.

” It doesn’t matter whether you’re a factory worker, a financial advisor or a professional flute-player: automation is coming for you.

Which professions are at greatest risk?

Before we get too deep into doom and gloom, it’s worth stressing that automation isn’t synonymous with job losses. Speaking to me over the phone, Frey was quick to point out that his work doesn’t make any explicit predictions such as “47% of US jobs will disappear”. It simply says that these jobs are exposed to automation.

In other words, the jobs themselves won’t entirely vanish; rather, they will be redefined. Of course, as Frey concedes, “from the perspective of the worker there is not much of a difference” between work disappearing and being radically redefined. It’s ly they’ll lack the new skillsets required for the role and be a job anyway.

H&R Block, one of America’s largest tax preparation providers, is now using Watson, IBM’s AI platform

Professor Richard Susskind, author of The Future of the Professions and Tomorrow’s Lawyers, echoes this distinction. “What you’re going to see for a lot of jobs is a churn of different tasks,” he explains. “So a lawyer today doesn’t develop systems that offer advice, but the lawyer of 2025 will. They’ll still be called lawyers but they’ll be doing different things.”

So which professions are at greatest risk?

Martin Ford, futurist and author of Rise of the Robots: Technology and the Threat of a Jobless Future, explains the jobs that are most at risk are those which “are on some level routine, repetitive and predictable”.

Telemarketing, for example, which is highly routine, has a 99% probability of automation according to The Future of Employment report; you may have already noticed an increase in irritating robocalls.

Tax preparation, which involves systematically processing large amounts of predictable data, also faces a 99% chance of being automated.

Indeed, technology has already started doing our taxes: H&R Block, one of America’s largest tax preparation providers, is now using Watson, IBM’s artificial intelligence platform.
The safest jobs in the future.

Robots will also take over the more repetitive tasks in professions such as law, with paralegals and legal assistants facing a 94% probability of having their jobs computerized. According to a recent report by Deloitte, more than 100,000 jobs in the legal sector have a high chance of being automated in the next 20 years.

Fast food cooks also face an 81% probability of having their jobs replaced by robots Flippy, an AI-powered kitchen assistant which is already flipping burgers in a number of CaliBurger restaurants.

Wait! What jobs will be safe from robots?

Ford, the futurist, classifies resilient jobs in three areas.

The first is jobs that involve “genuine creativity, such as being an artist, being a scientist, developing a new business strategy”. Ford notes: “For now, humans are still best at creativity but there’s a caveat there.

I can’t guarantee you that in 20 years a computer won’t be the most creative entity on the planet. There are already computers that can paint original works of art.

So, in 20 years who knows how far it’s going to go?”

The second area is occupations that involve building complex relationships with people: nurses, for example, or a business role that requires you to build close relationships with clients.

The third area is jobs that are highly unpredictable – for example, if you’re a plumber who is called out to emergencies in different locations.

You can see these parameters at play in the jobs The Future of Employment identifies as least at risk of automation, which include recreational therapists, first-line supervisors of mechanics, installers, repairers, occupational therapists and healthcare social workers.

While being in a creative or people-focused industry may keep your job safe for the next 10 years or so, it’s very hard to predict what will happen 20 years into the future. Indeed, Susskind stresses that we should be wary of downplaying just how much computers might change the working world.

She says she believes that the 2020s are going to be a decade not of unemployment, but of redeployment. Beyond that, however, the picture is far less clear: “I don’t think anyone can do long-term career planning with any confidence.

” As Susskind notes, “we make assumptions about the indispensability of human beings”, but machines are already doing things we thought only humans might be able to.

They’re composing original music, for example, and beating professional players at complex board games with creative moves.

They’re even helping us with our relationships with God. While the clergy only has a 0.81% probability of automation, according to data from The Future of Jobs, Susskind believes even algorithms might one day replace the ordained. As he notes, there are already apps Confession which offer “drop-down menus for tracking sin”.

Machines are already doing things we thought only humans might be able to: composing original music, for example

While we’ve been doing a lot of robot-bashing, it should be noted that automation isn’t the only phenomenon having an impact on the job market. Saadia Zahidi, head of the education, gender and work system initiative at the World Economic Forum (WEF), says that we “shouldn’t forget that there are other drivers of change”.

A 2016 WEF report identified such drivers as climate change, the rise of the middle class in many emerging markets, aging populations in certain parts of Europe and East Asia, and the changing aspirations of women as factors that will have significant impacts on jobs. “It’s really the coming together of these various drivers of change that then leads to disruptions in the labor market,” Zahidi notes.

The report warns that we’re going to see significant ramifications from automation very soon. Zahidi explains: “The next three years will be a period of flux and a period of relatively higher losses than gains. This is not meant to be alarmist in the sense that there will be heavy job losses. But if we do nothing then this will be where we end up.”

Automation may also exacerbate gender inequality, Zahidi says.

Women don’t make up a large proportion of people who are going into science, technology, engineering and math (Stem) and IT fields, which are ly to be the areas in which jobs will grow.

On the other hand, Zahidi notes, there do tend to be more women in care-related professions, such as healthcare and education, which are at a lower risk of automation.

In the long run, women may actually end up faring better from technological change. A recent PricewaterhouseCoopers report found that a higher proportion of male than female jobs are at risk of automation, especially those of men with lower levels of education.

How can you prepare yourself for the change that’s coming?

Justin Tobin, founder of the innovation consultancy DDG, says he believes: “More and more independent thinkers are realizing that when being an employee is the equivalent to putting all your money into one stock – a better strategy is to diversify your portfolio. So you’re seeing a lot more people looking to diversify their career.”

Faith Popcorn, a futurist, echoes the idea that we will all have to become as agile as possible and “have many forms of talent and work that you can provide the economy”.

In the future, she says, we’ll all have seven or eight jobs, with the average adult working for a number of companies simultaneously rather than working for one big corporation.

“We’re in the midst of this huge sweeping change that is going to impact all levels of society,” Popcorn warns.

Predicting the future is Popcorn’s livelihood, and she’s made herself a bit of a legend over the years doing so, but even she seems a little unsettled by the pace of change today. As she tells me with a world-weary sigh, it “just makes you want to have some more tequila”.

“,”author”:”Arwa Mahdawi, illustration by Mona Chalabi”,”date_published”:”2017-06-26T10:00:02.000Z”,”lead_image_url”:”//i.guim.co.uk/img/media/df932a6d27a7a6af07c09855040086821b960ca0/298_579_2094_1256/master/2094.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&overlay-align=bottom%2Cleft&overlay-width=100p&overlay-base64=L2ltZy9zdGF0aWMvb3ZlcmxheXMvdGctZGVmYXVsdC5wbmc&enable=upscale&s=6f1bc575d37781b98bd8b22a67e7e685″,”dek”:null,”next_page_url”:null,”url”:”//www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/26/jobs-future-automation-robots-skills-creative-health”,”domain”:”www.theguardian.com”,”excerpt”:”Jobs wonât entirely disappear; many will simply be redefined. But people will ly lack new skillsets required for new roles and be work anyway”,”word_count”:1597,”direction”:”ltr”,”total_pages”:1,”rendered_pages”:1}

Источник: //www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/26/jobs-future-automation-robots-skills-creative-health

Fears and Phobias

To Be Equipped To Face The Future Alone

The roller coaster hesitates for a split second at the peak of its steep track after a long, slow climb. You know what's about to happen — and there's no way to avoid it now. It's time to hang onto the handrail, palms sweating, heart racing, and brace yourself for the wild ride down.

What Is Fear?

Fear is one of the most basic human emotions. It is programmed into the nervous system and works an instinct. From the time we're infants, we are equipped with the survival instincts necessary to respond with fear when we sense danger or feel unsafe.

Fear helps protect us. It makes us alert to danger and prepares us to deal with it. Feeling afraid is very natural — and helpful — in some situations. Fear can be a warning, a signal that cautions us to be careful.

all emotions, fear can be mild, medium, or intense, depending on the situation and the person. A feeling of fear can be brief or it can last longer.

How Fear Works

When we sense danger, the brain reacts instantly, sending signals that activate the nervous system. This causes physical responses, such as a faster heartbeat, rapid breathing, and an increase in blood pressure.

Blood pumps to muscle groups to prepare the body for physical action (such as running or fighting). Skin sweats to keep the body cool. Some people might notice sensations in the stomach, head, chest, legs, or hands.

These physical sensations of fear can be mild or strong.

This response is known as “fight or flight” because that is exactly what the body is preparing itself to do: fight off the danger or run fast to get away. The body stays in this state of fight–flight until the brain receives an “all clear” message and turns off the response.

Sometimes fear is triggered by something that is startling or unexpected ( a loud noise), even if it's not actually dangerous.

That's because the fear reaction is activated instantly — a few seconds faster than the thinking part of the brain can process or evaluate what's happening.

As soon as the brain gets enough information to realize there's no danger (“Oh, it's just a balloon bursting — whew!”), it turns off the fear reaction. All this can happen in seconds.

Fears People Have

Fear is the word we use to describe our emotional reaction to something that seems dangerous. But the word “fear” is used in another way, too: to name something a person often feels afraid of.

People fear things or situations that make them feel unsafe or unsure. For instance, someone who isn't a strong swimmer might have a fear of deep water. In this case, the fear is helpful because it cautions the person to stay safe. Someone could overcome this fear by learning how to swim safely.

A fear can be healthy if it cautions a person to stay safe around something that could be dangerous. But sometimes a fear is unnecessary and causes more caution than the situation calls for.

Many people have a fear of public speaking. Whether it's giving a report in class, speaking at an assembly, or reciting lines in the school play, speaking in front of others is one of the most common fears people have.

People tend to avoid the situations or things they fear. But this doesn't help them overcome fear — in fact, it can be the reverse. Avoiding something scary reinforces a fear and keeps it strong.

People can overcome unnecessary fears by giving themselves the chance to learn about and gradually get used to the thing or situation they're afraid of.

For example, people who fly despite a fear of flying can become used to unfamiliar sensations takeoff or turbulence. They learn what to expect and have a chance to watch what others do to relax and enjoy the flight.

Gradually (and safely) facing fear helps someone overcome it.

Fears During Childhood

Certain fears are normal during childhood. That's because fear can be a natural reaction to feeling unsure and vulnerable — and much of what children experience is new and unfamiliar.

Young kids often have fears of the dark, being alone, strangers, and monsters or other scary imaginary creatures. School-aged kids might be afraid when it's stormy or at a first sleepover. As they grow and learn, with the support of adults, most kids are able to slowly conquer these fears and outgrow them.

Some kids are more sensitive to fears and may have a tough time overcoming them. When fears last beyond the expected age, it might be a sign that someone is overly fearful, worried, or anxious. People whose fears are too intense or last too long might need help and support to overcome them.

Phobias

A phobia is an intense fear reaction to a particular thing or a situation. With a phobia, the fear is proportion to the potential danger. But to the person with the phobia, the danger feels real because the fear is so very strong.

Phobias cause people to worry about, dread, feel upset by, and avoid the things or situations they fear because the physical sensations of fear can be so intense.

So having a phobia can interfere with normal activities. A person with a phobia of dogs might feel afraid to walk to school in case he or she sees a dog on the way.

Someone with an elevator phobia might avoid a field trip if it involves going on an elevator.

A girl with a phobia of thunderstorms might be afraid to go to school if the weather forecast predicts a storm. She might feel terrible distress and fear when the sky turns cloudy. A guy with social phobia experiences intense fear of public speaking or interacting, and may be afraid to answer questions in class, give a report, or speak to classmates in the lunchroom.

It can be exhausting and upsetting to feel the intense fear that goes with having a phobia. It can be disappointing to miss out on opportunities because fear is holding you back. And it can be confusing and embarrassing to feel afraid of things that others seem to have no problem with.

Sometimes, people get teased about their fears. Even if the person doing the teasing doesn't mean to be unkind and unfair, teasing only makes the situation worse.

What Causes Phobias?

Some phobias develop when someone has a scary experience with a particular thing or situation.

A tiny brain structure called the amygdala (pronounced: uh-MIG-duh-luh) keeps track of experiences that trigger strong emotions.

Once a certain thing or situation triggers a strong fear reaction, the amygdala warns the person by triggering a fear reaction every time he or she encounters (or even thinks about) that thing or situation.

Someone might develop a bee phobia after being stung during a particularly scary situation. For that person, looking at a photograph of a bee, seeing a bee from a distance, or even walking near flowers where there could be a bee can all trigger the phobia.

Sometimes, though, there may be no single event that causes a particular phobia. Some people may be more sensitive to fears because of personality traits they are born with, certain genes they've inherited, or situations they've experienced. People who have had strong childhood fears or anxiety may be more ly to have one or more phobias.

Having a phobia isn't a sign of weakness or immaturity. It's a response the brain has learned in an attempt to protect the person. It's as if the brain's alert system triggers a false alarm, generating intense fear that is proportion to the situation. Because the fear signal is so intense, the person is convinced the danger is greater than it actually is.

Overcoming Phobias

People can learn to overcome phobias by gradually facing their fears. This is not easy at first. It takes willingness and bravery. Sometimes people need the help of a therapist to guide them through the process.

Overcoming a phobia usually starts with making a long list of the person's fears in least-to-worst order.

For example, with a dog phobia, the list might start with the things the person is least afraid of, such as looking at a photo of a dog.

It will then work all the way up to worst fears, such as standing next to someone who's petting a dog, petting a dog on a leash, and walking a dog.

Gradually, and with support, the person tries each fear situation on the list — one at a time, starting with the least fear. The person isn't forced to do anything and works on each fear until he or she feels comfortable, taking as long as needed.

A therapist could also show someone with a dog phobia how to approach, pet, and walk a dog, and help the person to try it, too. The person may expect terrible things to happen when near a dog. Talking about this can help, too. When people find that what they fear doesn't actually turn out to be true, it can be a great relief.

A therapist might also teach relaxation practices such as specific ways of breathing, muscle relaxation training, or soothing self-talk. These can help people feel comfortable and bold enough to face the fears on their list.

As somebody gets used to a feared object or situation, the brain adjusts how it responds and the phobia is overcome.

Often, the hardest part of overcoming a phobia is getting started. Once a person decides to go for it — and gets the right coaching and support — it can be surprising how quickly fear can melt away.

Источник: //kidshealth.org/en/teens/phobias.html

Future Simple Tense

To Be Equipped To Face The Future Alone

Несмотря на относительную простоту образования форм, со временем Future Simple связано множество заблуждений. Когда мы слышим «будущее действие», на ум сразу приходит will, то есть Future Simple.

Поэтому многие склонны думать, что will может передавать любое действие в будущем. Это не так. А те, кто давно изучал английский, до сих пор по привычке используют shall.

Сегодня мы подробно остановимся на использовании времени Future Simple и развенчаем все заблуждения.

Форма и образование

В отличие от остальных времен английского языка, в Future Simple никогда ничего не меняется в зависимости от рода и числа.

Форма неизменна: WILL + V1 (глагол в первой форме):

You

He/ She/ It

They

WILL

go on holiday.

be rich one day.

call you later.

buy a new car.

listen to music.

WILL часто сокращается до 'll: I’ll, she’ll, we’ll.

В отрицательных предложениях к вспомогательному глаголу will добавляем отрицательную частицу not. Получаем WILL NOT или сокращенно: WON'T. Будьте внимательны, сокращение читается [wəunt] (не путать с want [wɔnt]).

You

He/ She/ It

They

WILL NOT

(WON’T)

go on holiday.

call you later.

be rich one day.

buy a new car.

listen to music.

Вопросительная форма образуется путем вынесения вспомогательного глагола will перед подлежащим:

WILL

you

he / she / it

they

go on holiday?

buy a new car?

call them?

answer this e-mail?

accept an offer?

Не забывайте, что к подлежащему могут относиться несколько слов, и will стоит перед первым из них:

His best friend will arrive tomorrow. – WILL his best friend arrive tomorrow?

Рассмотрим случаи употребления Future Simple в английском.

Простые действия и факты в будущем (Simple actions and facts in the future):

I'll be at home in the evening. – Я буду дома вечером.

The teacher will explain this topic tomorrow. – Учитель объяснит эту тему завтра.

Повторяющиеся действия в будущем (Repeated actions in the future):

In autumn I will go to school every day. – Осенью я буду ходить в школу каждый день.

He will take these pills in the morning. – Он будет принимать эти таблетки по утрам.

Последовательные действия в будущем (Series of events in the future):

Если к одному и тому же подлежащему относятся несколько действий, то will используем один раз:

Tomorrow I will go to the library and borrow some books. – Завтра я пойду в библиотеку и возьму книги.

Mother will cook the dinner and we will eat together. – Мама приготовит ужин и мы поедим вместе.

Прогнозы относительно будущего, основанные на личном мнении, ожиданиях, надеждах и т.д. (Predictions one’s opinion, hopes and expectations)

Future Simple используется, когда мы высказываем свое предположение о будущем действии, основываясь на собственных соображениях, ожиданиях. Поэтому Future Simple используется с глаголами think (думать), believe (считать), doubt (сомневаться), expect (ожидать), hope (надеяться), наречиями probably (вероятно), maybe (может быть), certainly (безусловно), perhaps (возможно) и фразами:

I’m sure… – Я уверен…

I’m certain… – Я убежден …

There is no doubt… – Несомненно …

I’m afraid … – Боюсь, что … и другими

I think I’ll be rich one day. – Я думаю, когда-нибудь я разбогатею.

I am sure her new song will become famous soon. – Я уверен, что ее новая песня скоро станет известной.

There is no doubt that they will come next week. – Несомненно, они приедут на следующей неделе.

I don’t know yet what I will do tomorrow. Maybe I’ll go shopping. – Я еще не знаю, что я буду делать завтра. Может быть, я поеду за покупками.

Спонтанные решения и действия (On-the-spot decisions, spontaneous actions):

Future Simple – средство выражения действий, о которых говорящий заранее не знал. Чаще всего это решения, принятые непосредственно в момент речи.

– Are you ready to order? – Yes, I will take a sandwich and a coffee. – Вы готовы заказывать? – Да, я возьму сендвич и кофе. I didn’t ask her about the time. I’ll call her once again. – Я не спросила ее о времени. Я позвоню ей еще раз. Look at that wonderful bag! I will buy it immediately! – Посмотри на ту замечательную сумку! Я куплю ее сейчас же!

I won’t drive that way. There is a traffic jam! – Я туда не поеду. Там пробка!

Если хотите пообещать кому-нибудь что-нибудь, используйте Future Simple. Можете добавить I promise:

I will always be with you. – Я всегда буду с тобой. I will pay you back next month. – Я верну тебе долг в следующем месяце.

We won’t be late again. – Мы больше не будем опаздывать.

Future Simple для выражения угроз используется в каждом голливудском боевике:

Don’t move or I’ll kill you! – Не двигайся или я тебя убью!

I’ll call the police if you don’t stop! – Я позвоню в полицию, если ты не остановишься!

Предостережения (Warnings):

Don’t touch the kettle, it’s hot! You’ll burn yourself! – Не прикасайся к чайнику, он горячий! Ты обожжешься!

Be careful with the knife or you'll cut yourself. – Будьте осторожны с ножом иначе вы порежетесь.

Просьбы в английском языке передаются вопросительными предложениями с will:

Will you help me? – Поможете мне?

Will you open the window? – Откроете окно?

Действия, которые неизбежно произойдут, на которые мы не можем повлиять (Actions that are definitely to happen, which we cannot control):

Tomorrow will be Thursday. – Завтра будет четверг.

My brother will be eighteen next week. – Моему брату исполнится 18 на следующей неделе.

В условных предложениях первого типа (Conditional 1)

Подробнее об использовании Future Simple в условных предложениях первого типа читайте здесь.

Использование SHALL

Shall, согласно традиционному правилу английского языка, является наряду с will вспомогательным глаголом времени Future Simple и используется с формами первого лица (I, we).

В современном английском языке shall в качестве вспомогательного глагола почти не употребляется, а если кто-то его и использует, то это звучит архаично и очень формально.

Тенденция к упрощению языка и повсеместное использование сокращения 'll привели к тому, что will вытеснил shall.

Хотя shall в качестве вспомогательного глагола больше не является общепринятой нормой, но он употребляется в качестве модального глагола, выполняя свои специальные функции:

Offer – это когда вы предлагаете сделать что-либо для кого-либо:

Shall I help you? – Могу я вам помочь?

Shall I repeat it? – Мне повторить?

Предложения (Suggestions)

Suggestion (в отличие от offer) – предложение совместной деятельности. Shall we… ? служит альтернативой Let’s:

Shall we go out for a meal in the evening? – Пойдем поедим где-нибудь вечером?

Shall we watch a new movie? – Посмотрим новый фильм?

Требования, приказы, правила, законы (Requirements, orders, rules, laws)

Shall может выражать требования, приказы, правила, законы, когда употребляется с he, she, it, we, you, they.

Такое использование shall можно услышать от лиц, которые имеют право предъявлять требования к другим: полицейских, судей, учителей, родителей. Shall типичен для законодательных документов, контрактов и формального письма:

You shall not move. – Не двигаться! (Полицейский – преступнику.) You shall provide compensation for the spoilt equipment. – Вы предоставите компенсацию за испорченный инвентарь. (Судья – подсудимому.) They shall stay at home tonight. – Они останутся дома сегодня вечером. (Родитель о своих детях.)

He shall do all the tasks. – Он будет выполнять все задания. (Учитель об ученике.)

Указатели времени, которые используются с Future Simple:

Tomorrow – завтра
The day after tomorrow – послезавтра
Next week/ month/ summer/ year etc. – на следующей неделе; в следующем месяце/ году; следующим летом и т. д.
In a week/ month/ year – через неделю/ месяц/ год

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Источник: //enginform.com/article/future-simple-tense