Deuteronomy
Deuteronomy 1 – New International Version (NIV)
1These are the words Moses spoke to all Israel in the wilderness east of the Jordan—that is, in the Arabah—opposite Suph, between Paran and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth and Dizahab. 2 (It takes eleven days to go from Horeb to Kadesh Barnea by the Mount Seir road.)
3 In the fortieth year, on the first day of the eleventh month, Moses proclaimed to the Israelites all that the Lord had commanded him concerning them. 4 This was after he had defeated Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon, and at Edrei had defeated Og king of Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth.
5 East of the Jordan in the territory of Moab, Moses began to expound this law, saying:
6 The Lord our God said to us at Horeb, “You have stayed long enough at this mountain.
7 Break camp and advance into the hill country of the Amorites; go to all the neighboring peoples in the Arabah, in the mountains, in the western foothills, in the Negev and along the coast, to the land of the Canaanites and to Lebanon, as far as the great river, the Euphrates. 8 See, I have given you this land. Go in and take possession of the land the Lord swore he would give to your fathers—to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob—and to their descendants after them.”
The Appointment of Leaders
9 At that time I said to you, “You are too heavy a burden for me to carry alone. 10 The Lord your God has increased your numbers so that today you are as numerous as the stars in the sky.
11 May the Lord, the God of your ancestors, increase you a thousand times and bless you as he has promised! 12 But how can I bear your problems and your burdens and your disputes all by myself? 13 Choose some wise, understanding and respected men from each of your tribes, and I will set them over you.”
14 You answered me, “What you propose to do is good.”
15 So I took the leading men of your tribes, wise and respected men, and appointed them to have authority over you—as commanders of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties and of tens and as tribal officials.
16 And I charged your judges at that time, “Hear the disputes between your people and judge fairly, whether the case is between two Israelites or between an Israelite and a foreigner residing among you. 17 Do not show partiality in judging; hear both small and great a.Do not be afraid of anyone, for judgment belongs to God. Bring me any case too hard for you, and I will hear it.” 18 And at that time I told you everything you were to do.
Spies Sent Out
19 Then, as the Lord our God commanded us, we set out from Horeb and went toward the hill country of the Amorites through all that vast and dreadful wilderness that you have seen, and so we reached Kadesh Barnea.
20 Then I said to you, “You have reached the hill country of the Amorites, which the Lord our God is giving us. 21 See, the Lord your God has given you the land. Go up and take possession of it as the Lord, the God of your ancestors, told you.
Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged.”
22 Then all of you came to me and said, “Let us send men ahead to spy out the land for us and bring back a report about the route we are to take and the towns we will come to.”
23 The idea seemed good to me; so I selected twelve of you, one man from each tribe. 24 They left and went up into the hill country, and came to the Valley of Eshkol and explored it. 25 Taking with them some of the fruit of the land, they brought it down to us and reported, “It is a good land that the Lord our God is giving us.”
Rebellion Against the Lord
26 But you were unwilling to go up; you rebelled against the command of the Lord your God.
27 You grumbled in your tents and said, “The Lord hates us; so he brought us Egypt to deliver us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us. 28 Where can we go? Our brothers have made our hearts melt in fear.
They say, ‘The people are stronger and taller than we are; the cities are large, with walls up to the sky. We even saw the Anakites there.’”
29 Then I said to you, “Do not be terrified; do not be afraid of them. 30 The Lord your God, who is going before you, will fight for you, as he did for you in Egypt, before your very eyes, 31 and in the wilderness. There you saw how the Lord your God carried you, as a father carries his son, all the way you went until you reached this place.”32 In spite of this, you did not trust in the Lord your God, 33 who went ahead of you on your journey, in fire by night and in a cloud by day, to search out places for you to camp and to show you the way you should go.
34 When the Lord heard what you said, he was angry and solemnly swore: 35 “No one from this evil generation shall see the good land I swore to give your ancestors, 36 except Caleb son of Jephunneh. He will see it, and I will give him and his descendants the land he set his feet on, because he followed the Lord wholeheartedly.”
37 Because of you the Lord became angry with me also and said, “You shall not enter it, either. 38 But your assistant, Joshua son of Nun, will enter it. Encourage him, because he will lead Israel to inherit it.
39 And the little ones that you said would be taken captive, your children who do not yet know good from bad—they will enter the land. I will give it to them and they will take possession of it.
40 But as for you, turn around and set out toward the desert along the route to the Red Sea.”
41 Then you replied, “We have sinned against the Lord. We will go up and fight, as the Lord our God commanded us.” So every one of you put on his weapons, thinking it easy to go up into the hill country.
42 But the Lord said to me, “Tell them, ‘Do not go up and fight, because I will not be with you. You will be defeated by your enemies.’”
43 So I told you, but you would not listen. You rebelled against the Lord’s command and in your arrogance you marched up into the hill country.44 The Amorites who lived in those hills came out against you; they chased you a swarm of bees and beat you down from Seir all the way to Hormah.
45 You came back and wept before the Lord, but he paid no attention to your weeping and turned a deaf ear to you. 46 And so you stayed in Kadesh many days—all the time you spent there.
Источник: //www.biblica.com/bible/niv/deuteronomy/1/
Bible Gateway passage: Deuteronomy 1 – New International Version
1 These are the words Moses spoke to all Israel in the wilderness east of the Jordan—that is, in the Arabah—opposite Suph, between Paran and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth and Dizahab. 2 (It takes eleven days to go from Horeb to Kadesh Barnea by the Mount Seir road.)
3 In the fortieth year, on the first day of the eleventh month, Moses proclaimed to the Israelites all that the Lord had commanded him concerning them. 4 This was after he had defeated Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon, and at Edrei had defeated Og king of Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth.
5 East of the Jordan in the territory of Moab, Moses began to expound this law, saying:
6 The Lord our God said to us at Horeb, “You have stayed long enough at this mountain.
7 Break camp and advance into the hill country of the Amorites; go to all the neighboring peoples in the Arabah, in the mountains, in the western foothills, in the Negev and along the coast, to the land of the Canaanites and to Lebanon, as far as the great river, the Euphrates. 8 See, I have given you this land. Go in and take possession of the land the Lord swore he would give to your fathers—to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob—and to their descendants after them.”
Deuteronomy Chapter 1 – SYNODAL
1 Сии суть слова, которые говорил Моисей всем Израильтянам за Иорданом в пустыне на равнине против Суфа, между Фараном и Тофелом, и Лаваном, и Асирофом, и Дизагавом, 2 в расстоянии одиннадцати дней пути от Хорива, по дороге от горы Сеир к Кадес-Варни.
3 Сорокового года, одиннадцатого месяца, в первый день месяца говорил Моисей сынам Израилевым все, что заповедал ему Господь о них.
4 По убиении им Сигона, царя Аморрейского, который жил в Есевоне, и Ога, царя Васанского, который жил в Аштерофе в Едреи, 5 за Иорданом, в земле Моавитской, начал Моисей изъяснять закон сей и сказал: 6 Господь, Бог наш, говорил нам в Хориве и сказал: „полно вам жить на горе сей! 7 обратитесь, отправьтесь в путь и пойдите на гору Аморреев и ко всем соседям их, на равнину, на гору, на низкие места и на южный край и к берегам моря, в землю Ханаанскую и к Ливану, даже дореки великой, реки Евфрата; 8 вот, Я даю вам землю сию, пойдите, возьмите в наследие землю, которую Господь с клятвою обещал дать отцам вашим, Аврааму, Исааку и Иакову, им и потомству их”.
Leaders Appointed
9 И я сказал вам в то время: не могу один водить вас; 10 Господь, Бог ваш, размножил вас, и вот, вы ныне многочисленны, как звезды небесные; 11 Господь, Бог отцов ваших, да умножит вас в тысячу крат против того, сколько вас теперь , и да благословит вас, как Он говорил вам: 12 как же мне одному носить тягости ваши, бремена ваши и распри ваши? 13 изберите себе по коленам вашим мужей мудрых, разумных и испытанных, и я поставлю их начальниками вашими. 14 Вы отвечали мне и сказали: хорошее дело велишь ты сделать. 15 И взял я главных из колен ваших, мужей мудрых, и испытанных, исделал их начальниками над вами, тысяченачальниками, стоначальниками, пятидесятиначальниками, десятиначальниками и надзирателями по коленам вашим. 16 И дал я повеление судьям вашим в то время, говоря: выслушивайте братьев ваших и судите справедливо, как брата с братом, так и пришельца его; 17 не различайте лиц на суде, как малого, так и великого выслушивайте: не бойтесь лица человеческого, ибо суд – дело Божие; а дело, которое для вас трудно, доводите до меня, и я выслушаю его. 18 И дал я вам в то время повеления обо всем, что надлежит вам делать.
Israel's Refusal to Enter the Land
19 И отправились мы от Хорива, и шли по всей этой великой и страшной пустыне, которую вы видели, по пути к горе Аморрейской, как повелел Господь, Бог наш, и пришли в Кадес-Варни.
20 И сказал я вам: вы пришли к горе Аморрейской, которую Господь, Богнаш, дает нам; 21 вот, Господь, Бог твой, отдает тебе землю сию, иди, возьми ее во владение, как говорил тебе Господь, Боготцов твоих, не бойся и не ужасайся.
22 Но вы все подошли ко мне и сказали: пошлем пред собою людей, чтобони исследовали нам землю и принесли нам известие о дороге, по которой идти нам, и о городах, в которые идти нам. 23 Слово это мне понравилось, и я взял из вас двенадцать человек, по одному человеку от каждого колена.
24 Они пошли, взошли на гору и дошли до долины Есхол, и обозрели ее; 25 и взяли в руки свои плодов земли и доставили нам, и принесли нам известие и сказали: хороша земля, которую Господь, Бог наш, дает нам.
26 Но вы не захотели идти и воспротивились повелению Господа, Бога вашего, 27 и роптали в шатрах ваших и говорили: Господь, по ненависти к нам, вывел нас из земли Египетской, чтоб отдать нас в руки Аморреев и истребить нас; 28 куда мы пойдем? братья наши расслабили сердце наше, говоря: народ тот более, и выше нас, города там большие и с укреплениями до небес, да и сынов Енаковых видели мы там. 29 И я сказал вам: не страшитесь и не бойтесь их; 30 Господь, Бог ваш, идет перед вами; Он будет сражаться за вас, как Он сделал с вами в Египте, пред глазами вашими, 31 и в пустыне сей, где, как ты видел, Господь, Бог твой, носил тебя, как человек носит сына своего, на всем пути, которым вы проходили до пришествия вашего насие место. 32 Но и при этом вы не верили Господу, Богу вашему, 33 Который шел перед вами путем – искать вам места, где остановиться вам, ночью в огне, чтобы указывать вам дорогу, по которой идти, а днем в облаке.
The Penalty for Israel's Rebellion
34 И Господь услышал слова ваши, и разгневался, и поклялся, говоря: 35 никто из людей сих, из сего злого рода, не увидит доброй земли,которую Я клялся дать отцам вашим; 36 только Халев, сын Иефонниин, увидит ее; ему дам Я землю, по которой он проходил, и сынам его, за то, что он повиновался Господу.
37 И на меня прогневался Господь за вас, говоря: и ты не войдешь туда; 38 Иисус, сын Навин, который при тебе, он войдет туда; его утверди,ибо он введет Израиля во владение ею; 39 дети ваши, о которых вы говорили, что они достанутся в добычу врагам , и сыновья ваши, которые не знают ныне ни добра ни зла, они войдут туда, им дам ее, и они овладеют ею; 40 а вы обратитесь и отправьтесь в пустыню по дороге к Чермному морю.
41 И вы отвечали тогда и сказали мне: согрешили мы пред Господом, пойдем и сразимся, как повелел нам Господь, Бог наш. И препоясались вы, каждый ратным оружием своим, и безрассудно решились взойти на гору. 42 Но Господь сказал мне: скажи им: не всходите и не сражайтесь, потому что нет Меня среди вас, чтобы не поразили вас враги ваши.
43 И я говорил вам, но вы не послушали и воспротивились повелению Господню и по упорству своему взошли на гору. 44 И выступил против вас Аморрей, живший на горе той, и преследовали вас так, как делают пчелы, и поражали вас на Сеире до самой Хормы. 45 И возвратились вы и плакали пред Господом: но Господь не услышал вопля вашего и не внял вам.46 И пробыли вы в Кадесе много времени, сколько времени вы там были.
Источник: //ebible.com/synodal/deuteronomy/1
Book of Deuteronomy – Read, Study Bible Verses Online
This summary of the book of Deuteronomy provides information about the title, author(s), date of writing, chronology, theme, theology, outline, a brief overview, and the chapters of the Book of Deuteronomy.
Title
The Hebrew name of the book is �elleh haddebarim (“These are the words”) or, more simply, debarim (“words”; see 1:1).
The word “Deuteronomy” (meaning “repetition of the law”) arose from a mistranslation in the Septuagint (the pre-Christian Greek translation of the OT) and the Latin Vulgate of a phrase in Dt 17:18, which in Hebrew means “copy of this law.
” The error is not serious, however, since Deuteronomy is, in a certain sense, a “repetition of the law” (see Structure and Outline).
Author and Date of Writing
The book itself ascribes most of its content to Moses (see 1:1,5; 31:24 and notes). For that reason, the OT elsewhere ascribes the bulk of Deuteronomy and other Pentateuchal legislation to Moses (see, e.g., Jos 1:7-8; 23:6; 1Ki 2:3; 8:53; Mal 4:4 and notes).
Similarly Jesus attributed Dt 24:1 to Moses (Mt 19:7-8; Mk 10:3-5), Peter attributed Dt 18:15,18-19 to Moses (Ac 3:22-23), as did Stephen (see Ac 7:37-38 and notes), and Paul attributed Dt 32:21 to Moses (Ro 10:19). See also Mt 22:24 and note; Mk 12:18-19; Lk 20:27-28.
At the same time, it seems clear that the narrative framework within which the Mosaic material is placed (e.g., the preamble [1:1-5] and the conclusion [ch. 34]; see also 5:1; 27:1,9,11; 29:1-2; 31:1,7,9-10, 14-25,30; 32:44-46,48-52; 33:1-2) comes from another — and unknown — hand.
See Introduction to Genesis: Author and Date of Writing.
Historical Setting
Deuteronomy locates Moses and the Israelites in the territory of Moab in the area where the Jordan flows into the Dead Sea (1:5). As his final act at this important time of transferring leadership to Joshua, Moses delivered his farewell addresses to prepare the people for their entrance into Canaan.
In them, Moses emphasized the laws that were especially needed at such a time, and he presented them in a way appropriate to the situation.
In contrast to the matter-of-fact narratives of Leviticus and Numbers, here the words of Moses come to us from his heart as this servant of the Lord presses God's claims on his people Israel.
Special Function in the Bible
The trajectory of the story that unfolds in Genesis-Numbers seems to call for an account of the conquest of Canaan as found in Joshua to bring closure to the movement from promise to fulfillment (see Introduction to Joshua: Title and Theme). But Deuteronomy intervenes as a massive interruption. Here there is very little forward movement.
At the end of Numbers, Israel is “on the plains of Moab by the Jordan across from Jericho” (Nu 36:33) and at the end of Deuteronomy, the people are still there (Dt 34:8) waiting to cross the Jordan (see Jos 1:2). All that has happened is the transition from the ministry of Moses as God's spokesman and official representative to that of Joshua in his place (Dt 34:9; see Jos 1:1-2).
But Moses' final acts as the Lord's appointed servant for dealing with Israel are so momentous that Deuteronomy's account of them marks the conclusion to the Pentateuch, while the book of Joshua, which narrates the initial fulfillment of the promises made to the patriarchs and the conclusion to the mission on which Moses had been sent (see Nu 17:15-23; Jos 21:43-45), serves as the introduction to the Former Prophets.
So Deuteronomy creates a long pause in the advancement of the story of redemption:
- of deliverance from bondage to a world power (Egypt) to a place in the earth where Israel can be a free people under the rule of God;
- of deliverance from rootlessness in the post-Babel world (Abraham, Isaac and Jacob) to security and “rest” (see Dt 3:20 and note; 12:10; 25:19) in the promised land;
- of deliverance from a life of banishment from God's Garden (Ge 3) to a life in the Lord's own land where he has pitched his tent (Jos 22:19).
But in that long pause on the threshold of the promised land Moses, in this renewal of the Sinaitic covenant, reminded Israel at length of what the Lord required of them as his people if they were to cross the Jordan, take possession of the promised land and there enjoy the promised “rest” in fellowship with him.
It was a word that Israel needed to hear over and over again. Upon reading the Pentateuch, Israel was brought ever anew to the threshold of the promised land and its promised “rest” to hear again this final word from God through his servant Moses (see also Ps 95:7b-22).
For this reason, all the history of Israel in Canaan as narrated in the Former Prophets is brought under the judgment of this word.
Theological Teaching and Purpose
The book of Deuteronomy was cast in the form of ancient Near Eastern suzerainty-vassal treaties of the second millennium b.c. It contained the Great King's pledge to be Israel's Suzerain and Protector if they would be faithful to him as their covenant Lord and obedient to the covenant stipulations as the vassal people of his kingdom.
There would be blessings for such obedience, but curses for disobedience (chs. 27 – 30).
Deuteronomy's purpose was to prepare the new generation of the Lord's chosen people to be his kingdom representatives in the land he had unconditionally promised them in the Abrahamic covenant (see Structure and Outline below; see also notes on 3:27; 17:14,18).
The love relationship of the Lord to his people, and that of the people to the Lord as their sovereign God, pervade the whole book.
Deuteronomy's spiritual emphasis and its call to total commitment to the Lord in worship and obedience inspired references to its message throughout the rest of Scripture.
In particular, the division of the Hebrew Bible called the Former Prophets (Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings) is thoroughly imbued with the style, themes and motifs of Deuteronomy. Among the Latter Prophets, Jeremiah also reflects strong influence from this book.
Structure and Outline
Deuteronomy's literary structure supports its historical setting. By its interpretive, repetitious, reminiscent and somewhat irregular style it shows that it is a series of more or less extemporaneous addresses, sometimes describing events in nonchronological order (see, e.g., 10:3).
But it also bears in its structure clear reflections of the suzerain-vassal treaties of the preceding and then-current Near Eastern states, a structure that lends itself to the Biblical emphasis on the covenant between the Lord and his people.
In this sense Deuteronomy is a covenant renewal document, as the following outline shows:
- Preamble (1:1-5)
- Historical Prologue (1:6;4:43)
- Stipulations of the Covenant (4:44;26:19)
- The Great Commandment: The Demand for Absolute Allegiance (4:44;11:32)
- God's covenant Lordship (4:44;5:33)
- The principle of consecration (ch. 6)
- The program for conquering Canaan (ch. 7)
- A call to commitment in the new land (ch. 8)
- The lesson of the broken tablets (9:1;10:11)
- Another call to commitment (10:12;11:32)
- Supplementary Requirements (chs. 12-26)
- Ceremonial consecration (12:1;16:17)
- Human leaders in God's righteous kingdom (16:18;21:21)
- Sanctity of God's kingdom (21:22;25:19)
- Confessions of God as Redeemer-King (ch. 26)
- The Great Commandment: The Demand for Absolute Allegiance (4:44;11:32)
- Ratification; Curses and Blessings (chs. 27-30)
- Leadership Succession under the Covenant (chs. 31-34)
From the NIV Study Bible, Introductions to the Books of the Bible, Deuteronomy
Copyright 2002 © Zondervan. All rights reserved. Used with permission.
Источник: //www.biblestudytools.com/deuteronomy/
